Permanent Magnet Starters: 'Starting' the Electrical Diagnosis

Permanent Magnet Starters: ‘Starting’ the Electrical Diagnosis

When we diagnose problems with the modern, permanent magnet, reduction-gear import starter, we begin by looking at a system composed of the battery, starter and connecting wiring. The automotive battery, for example, is designed as a fast-discharge battery capable of sustaining enough amperage output to crank the engine until the fuel injection and ignition cycles take place in the engine’s cylinders. In many cases, we’re seeing batteries being installed in vehicles that range from the cheap, discount store variety that barely meet OEM specifications to the exotic, high-output units that far exceed those requirements.

Although each design has its own discharge characteristics and failure patterns, cell failure is perhaps the most common issue that affects starter operation and the characteristics of the starter itself. Conventional load testing, therefore, often fails to detect defective battery cells. To perform an accurate load test, the battery must be fully charged and at room temperature.

If the battery isn’t fully charged, test the alternator for output voltage and amperage. Keep in mind that modern load-sensing charging systems, such as those found on many Honda models, may only charge during specific operating modes, such as when the lights are turned on. When the alternator does charge, the voltage should range from about 14.2 cold to about 13.8 hot. Loaded amperage should range from 40 to 60 amperes on a late-model, accessory-laden vehicle.

After verifying charging voltage, the battery must then be loaded to either the test value indicated on the battery label or to one-half the rated cold-cranking amperes (CCA) for 15 seconds. After load testing, a battery that’s in good condition should have at least 9.6 volts remaining at the terminals.

Checking Cell Condition
Another method, called conductance testing, reveals cell faults by metering a small alternating current through the battery cells. For conductance testing to be successful, the battery should be load-tested or the headlights should be turned on for five minutes to remove the surface charge from the battery. Next, it’s equally important to enter the CCA numerical value rated at 0

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The following governors have issued official state proclamations that April is Car Care Month: Gov. Robert Bentley of Alabama, Gov. John Hickenlooper of Colorado, Gov. Pat Quinn of Illinois, Gov. Rick Snyder of Michigan, Gov. Susana Martinez of New Mexico, Gov. John A. Kitzhaber, M.D. of Oregon, Gov. Nikki R. Haley of South Carolina, Gov. Bill Haslam of Tennessee, Gov. Peter Shumlin of Vermont and Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin of West Virginia.
“We want to thank these governors for officially proclaiming April as Car Care Month,” said Rich White, executive director, Car Care Council. “Car Care Month provides a unique opportunity for the auto care industry and the government to educate car owners on the importance of proper vehicle care. Motor vehicle safety continues to be a major focus for state legislatures and regulatory agencies across the country, so we commend each of the governors for making these important proclamations.”
Spring is the perfect time for motorists to make sure their vehicles are running reliably after a rough winter and before the summer driving season begins. Many independent repair shops and community organizations throughout the country will conduct car care events during April. These events have revealed that three out of four vehicles inspected are in need of some type of maintenance or repair.
The non-profit Car Care Council offers many free tools on its website to help consumers drive smart, save money and be more environmentally friendly, including the popular 60-page Car Care Guide and a custom service schedule and email reminder service.
“By following a service schedule and performing preventative vehicle maintenance, motorists can ensure that their vehicles are safe and dependable. Plus, auto care can help save money in many ways, including reducing fuel consumption and extending vehicle life,” continued White. “We encourage all car owners across the country to get their vehicles inspected this April.”

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